Literature Review: The Role of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Gastroprotective Mechanisms in Peptic Ulcers

Aliya Zuraida; Rifa Dara Sabrina; Zihan Najma Fitriyani; Nela Nela

doi:10.58327/jstfi.v14i1.102

Authors

Aliya Zuraida Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia. Jl. Soekarno Hatta No 354, Bandung
Rifa Dara Sabrina Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia. Jl. Soekarno Hatta No 354, Bandung
Zihana Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia. Jl. Soekarno Hatta No 354, Bandung
Nela Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia. Jl. Soekarno Hatta No 354, Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58327/jstfi.v14i1.102

Keywords:

bioactive compounds,, gastroprotective, peptic ulcer

Abstract

Peptic ulcer is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors such as gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori infection, and the use of NSAIDs—and the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. Phytotherapy, which involves the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents, has emerged as a promising alternative approach in the treatment of gastric ulcers. A total of 20 plant species from various families have been reported to possess anti-ulcer activity through the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. These compounds exert antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antisecretory effects, as well as enhance gastric mucus and prostaglandin secretion. Several plants also exhibit antibacterial properties against H. pylori. With these diverse mechanisms, medicinal plants present a strong potential as safe and effective complementary therapies in the management of peptic ulcer disease.

References

Narayanan M, Reddy KM, Marsicano E. Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Mo Med. 2018;115(3):219–24.

World Health Organization. WHO Mortality Database. 2020 [cited 2025 Feb 9]. Peptic ulcer disease - mortality database. Available from: https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/MDB/peptic-ulcer-disease

Santoso J. Effektivitas Infusa Akar Manis Sebagai Anti Tukak Lambung Tikus Yang Diinduksi Asetosal. J Kebidanan dan Kesehat Tradis. 2017;2(1):51–9.

Arava Vidyadhari, Thatiparthi Siva prasad, Mangala Teja Divya, Bandi Divya Sree, Tummala Pavani, Ashok Kumar.V, et al. To study the Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer. World J Adv Res Rev. 2024;22(1):1801–8.

Raehana NS. Efek Gastroprotektif pemberian Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) dari Ulkus Lambung yang diinduksi oleh NSAID. J Med Hutama [Internet]. 2021;2(4):1053–9. Available from: http://jurnalmedikahutama.com

Rahim A. Fitoterapi Herbal Terapan. Samarinda: Kun Fayakun; 2022.

Indrisari M, Khairi N, Muslimin L, Awaluddin A, Arisah. EFEKTIVITASEKSTRAK DAUNKELOR(Moringaoleifera L.) UNTUKULKUS PEPTIKUMPADATIKUSPUTIH(Rattusnorvegicus)YANG DIINDUKSI ASPIRIN. Media Farm. 2023;19(1):30–5.

Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Michel HE, El-Shazly M, Singab ANB. Gastroprotective effects of Erythrina speciosa (Fabaceae) leaves cultivated in Egypt against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Feb;248.

Yuniarto A, Susilawati E, Rahman TA, Setiawan F, Juanda D. Gastric Ulcer Healing Effect of Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar (Roxb.)) Rhizome Extract in Aspirin-induced Rats Model. Indones J Pharm Sci Technol. 2017;1(1):29–34.

Rizqonnisa A. UJI AKTIVITAS GASTROPROTEKTIF INFUSA RIMPANG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI ETANOL [Internet]. UNIVERSITAS JAMBI; 2023. Available from: https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/167638/341506.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/8314/LOEBLEIN%2C LUCINEIA CARLA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y%0Ahttps://antigo.mdr.gov.br/saneamento/proees

Ahnafani MN, Nasiroh, Aulia N, Lestrari NLM, Ngongo M, Hakim AR. JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) : TINJAUAN FITOKIMIA, FARMAKOLOGI, DAN TOKSIKOLOGI. J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2024;11(10):1992–8.

Mukti LS, Hermady U. Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza. J Info Kesehat. 2020;10(1):270–8.

Lily Setiwaty, Andriani R. Pharmacological Activities of Boesenbergia Rotunda. J Info Kesehat . 2021;11(1):371–8.

Shabrina AF, Carolia N, Tjiptaningrum A. Efek Perasan Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) Terhadap Gambaran Epitel Lambung Mencit yang Diinduksi Indometasin. J Kesehat Holist. 2024;8(1):44–56.

Johnley IIR, Somasundaram G, Salwe KJ, Manimekalai K. Anti Ulcerogenic and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Alpinia Galanga Rhizomes Aqueous Extract in Indomethacin Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Wistar Albino Rats. Biomed Pharmacol J [Internet]. 2020;13(1). Available from: https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol13no1/anti-ulcerogenic-and-anti-oxidant-activity-of-alpinia-galanga-rhizomes-aqueous-extract-in-indomethacin-induced-gastric-mucosal-damage-in-wistar-albino-rats/

Omar MS, Adnan NN, Kumolosasi E, Azmi N, Damanhuri NS, Buang F. Green tea (camellia sinensis) extract reduces peptic ulcer induced by helicobacter pylori in sprague dawley rats. Sains Malaysiana. 2020;49(11):2793–800.

Justicia OI, Nzube OB, Kasarachi OD, Emeka O, Onyinye M, Onyedibe, et al. Effect Of Allium Sativum And Aloe Barbadensis On Indomethacin Induced Stomach Ulcer In Male Wistar Rats. World J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2022;11(1):1757–71. Available from: www.wjpr.net

Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye SO, Alabi QK, Ogundipe OL, Omole JG, et al. Gastro-protective effect of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaf on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Toxicol Reports [Internet]. 2017;4:625–33. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750017300963

J.O D, Rasheed FM. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Acid-Neutralizing Property of Traditional Antacids commonly used in India. J Sci Res. 2021;65(04):93–8.

Faseela V A, Aparna M G, Jishidha K A, Nidhi Maria Raphel. In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of aqueous extract of Emilia sonchifolia. World J Biol Pharm Heal Sci. 2023;15(2):176–86.

Omkar Sheelvanth, Prof. Rajshekar Bhande, Dr. Md Farooq Ahmed, Dr. K. Sreenivasa Rao. Evaluation of Gastro-Protective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Roots of Vernonia Cinerea Less. Int J Adv Res Sci Commun Technol. 2022;2(2):223–32.

Zangeneh M, Salmani S, Zangeneh A, Bahrami E, Almasi M. Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Mentha piperita in Wistar rats. Comp Clin Path. 2019;28:411–8.

Paharia AK, Pandurangan A. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective activity of Ethanolic Extract of Nymphaea alba Linn Flower in experimental rats. Am J PharmTech Res. 2020;10(1).

Odiase DE, Erhunmwunse MO, Enaholo IE. Effects of Aqueous extract of Garlic (Allium Sativa L) on Alcohol-Duodenal ulcers of Adult Wistar Rats: a Histological Study. Acad Anat Int. 2016;2(1):3–7.

Nihar Ranjan K, Shreechandan P, Priyadarshini P, Sabhya Sampad S. Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Peptic Ulcer. JBioInnov. 2017;6(3):499–508.

Araruna ME, Silva P, Almeida M, Rêgo R, Dantas R, Albuquerque H, et al. Tablet of Spondias mombin L. Developed from Nebulized Extract Prevents Gastric Ulcers in Mice via Cytoprotective and Antisecretory Effects. Molecules. 2021 Mar;26(6):1–17.

Pal AD. Phyllanthus emblica: The superfood with anti-ulcer potential. Int J Food Sci Nutr www.foodsciencejournal.com [Internet]. 2018;3(1):84–7. Available from: www.foodsciencejournal.com

de Lima CAA, de Lima RS, de Souza JB, de Souza Graça A, Thomazzi SM, Batista JS, et al. Gastroprotective Mechanisms. In: Chai J, editor. Peptic Ulcer Disease [Internet]. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101631

Rizal R, Afriyeni H, Yulas Tari MN. Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Momordica Charantia L. Terhadap Aktivitas Proteksi Mukosa Lambung Tikus. J Penelit Dan Pengkaj Ilm Eksakta. 2022;1(2):65–76.

Yuliastuti D, Sari WY, Islamiyati D. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Dan Fraksi Etanol 70% Daging Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Media Inf. 2020;15(2):110–4.

Kwon N, Chen Y, Chen X, Kim MH, Yoon J. Recent progress on small molecule-based fluorescent imaging probes for hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypochlorite (OCl−). Dye Pigment [Internet]. 2022; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110132

Rochma EN, Sunarni T, Widodo GP. Aktivitas Analgetik dan Antiinflamasi Fraksi Daun Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz.) Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar dan Keamanannya Terhadap Lambung. J Farm Indones. 2022;19(1):14–29.

Zahra AJ, Happy TA, Soleha TU, Studi P, Dokter P, Kedokteran F, et al. Peran Flavonoid Sebagai Antiulser dan Antioksidan pada Ulkus Duodenum Effects of Flavonoids on Duodenal Ulcer : Analysis of Anti-Ulcer Action and Antioxidant Properties. 2024;14(14):2290–6.

Ningsih IS, Chatri M, Advinda L, Violita. Senyawa Aktif Flavonoid yang Terdapat Pada Tumbuhan. J Serambi Biol. 2023;8(2):126–32.

Hikmah F, Hardiany NS, Kunci K. Peran Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Dalam Sel Punca Kanker The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cancer Stem Cells. J Kedokt Yars. 2021;29(3):120–34.

Bardaweel SK, Gul M, Alzweiri M, Ishaqat A, ALSalamat HA, Bashatwah RM. Reactive Oxygen Species: the Dual Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions of the Human Body. Eurasian J Med. 2018 Oct;50(3):193–201.

Setia Ningrum I, Mujayanto R, Fatchur Rahman E, Pendidikan Dokter Gigi P, Kedokteran Gigi F, Islam Sultan Agung U. Prosiding KONSTELASI ILMIAH MAHASISWA UNISSULA (KIMU) 7 Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) Terhadap Ekspresi Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) pada Ulkus Mulut. Konstelasi Ilm Mhs Unissula 7. 2022;2988:21–8.

Hasan H, Ain Thomas N, Hiola F, Nuzul Ramadhani F, Ibrahim AS. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit Batang Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Dengan Metode 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Indones J Pharm Educ. 2022;2(1):67–73.

Sari SW, Primadiamanti A, Rai Saputri GA. Efektivitas Daun Songga (Strychnos Ligustrina) Terhadap Tukak Lambung Pada Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus novergicus). J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2024;11(1):217–29.

Valentová K. Cytoprotective Activity of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants. Vol. 9, Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). Switzerland; 2020.