Formulation and SPF Evaluation of Gel Preparations Containing Ethanol Extract of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.)

Hilda Nurfadilah; Ali Nofriyaldi; Susanti Susanti

Authors

Hilda Nurfadilah Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya
Ali Nofriyaldi Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya
Susanti Susanti Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya

Keywords:

Gel, Guava Leaves, SPF, Psidium guajava L

Abstract

UV rays are electromagnetic waves that can cause skin damage such as sunburn, premature aging, eye damage,
and skin cancer. Guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) contains flavonoid compounds that can absorb UV light. This
research was conducted to develop and evaluate a sunscreen gel from guava leaf extract and determine its SPF
value using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Guava leaf extract was obtained through maceration using 96%
ethanol as the solvent. Three sunscreen gel formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 0.5%
(F1), 1% (F2), and 1.5% (F3). Evaluation included SPF value determination, stability testing, organoleptic
properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability. The results showed SPF values of 14.73 for
F1, 19.66 for F2, and 60.11 for F3, indicating strong sunscreen potential. Stability evaluation demonstrated
homogeneous preparations without phase separation, pH values within the skin-compatible range (6.30–6.56),
and viscosity values that met gel requirements (50–1000 cPs). Adhesion values increased from 2.41 seconds
in F0 to 5.1 seconds in F3, while all formulations showed spreadability within the ideal range for topical
preparations (5–7 cm). These findings demonstrate the scientific potential of guava leaf extract as a stable
natural sunscreen agent and support its development in herbal-based topical formulations.

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