Development of Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate – Benzoic Acid Nanoconfined Coamorphous System to Enhance Solubility and Dissolution
Keywords:
Benzoic Acid, Dissolution, Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate, Nanoconfined Coamorphous, SolubilityAbstract
Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) is the major bioactive compound of Kaempferia galanga L., yet its application is restricted by very low solubility and dissolution rate. This study aimed to develop a nanoconfined coamorphous (NCA) EPMC–benzoic acid system and assess its impact on solubility and dissolution behaviour. A binary EPMC–benzoic acid system (1:1) was prepared using the solvent evaporation method and subsequently loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) at a 3:7 ratio (binary system:MSN) to obtain the NCA system. Characterization was performed using FT-IR, and evaluations included EPMC content determination, aqueous solubility testing, and dissolution studies in simulated gastrointestinal media (pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8). FT-IR results showed shifts in the C=O and – OH absorption bands, indicative of intermolecular interactions between EPMC and benzoic acid without the formation of new chemical species, suggesting successful NCA formation. The EPMC content in the NCA system was 9.5%. Solubility testing demonstrated a 1.05-fold increase in NCA (38.275 mg/L) compared with pure EPMC (36.364 mg/L). Dissolution testing also showed substantial enhancement, with increases of 2,81-fold at pH 1.2, 3,78-fold at pH 4.5, and 4,13-fold at pH 6.8. Overall, the NCA EPMC–benzoic acid system improved EPMC solubility and dissolution, demonstrating its potential to enhance oral bioavailability.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Revika Rachmaniar, Adang Firmansyah, Muhammad Difo Ananda, Rival Ferdiansyah, Adit Andriyannto
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