Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi Indonesia

Formulation and Activity Test of Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) Extract Serum Spray as Antioxidant

Yola Desnera Putri — 2025-04-19

Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) contain bioactive flavonoids known to have antioxidant properties, which can be utilized in the formulation of skin care products. This study aims to develop and evaluate an antioxidant serum spray containing bread1fruit leaf extract. Breadfruit leaves extract was obtained through stepwise maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. Two spray serum formulas with different propylene glycol concentrations (5% in F1 and 3% in F2) were developed and tested for physical stability and antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Data were analyzed based on IC₅₀values as well as stability tests including organoleptic, pH, viscosity, spray pattern, and adhesion spreadability. The IC₅₀ values for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts were 595.045 ppm, 47.466 ppm, and 129.177 ppm, respectively, showing significant antioxidant potential in the ethyl acetate extract. Spray serum containing ethyl acetate extract met the physical stability requirements regarding pH, viscosity, and spray pattern. Both formulas showed effective antioxidant activity, with The IC₅₀ values of 60.752 ppm (F1) and 71.918 ppm (F2), indicating the potential of the formulas to maintain antioxidant activity over time. The breadfruit leaf serum spray formulation showed strong potential as an antioxidant skin care product with stable physical properties.

Identification of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage I-III in the Inpatient Ward of Hospital X, Bandar Lampung

M. Iqbal Farqi — 2025-04-21

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I–III is characterized by elevated blood glucose and mild to moderate kidney function decline. Patients with this comorbidity are at risk of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs). This study aimed to identify the characteristics and incidence of DRPs in T2DM patients with CKD stage I–III at the inpatient ward of Hospital X, Bandar Lampung, between January and March 2023. This retrospective, descriptive study analyzed 36 medical records met the inclusion criteria. DRPs were identified using Cipolle’s method (2021). Most patients were aged >60 years (75.00%), male (52.78%), had BMI <25 kg/m² (55.56%), diabetes duration <5 years (77.78%), comorbidities (75.00%), and were treated with a combination of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin (41.68%). DRPs were observed in 27 patients (75.00%) with 41 total incidents, including unnecessary drug therapy (7.31%), need for additional therapy (12.19%), ineffective drugs (4.87%), insufficient dosage (24.39%), excessive dosage (46.37%), and adverse drug reactions (4.87%). The most frequent DRPs were dosing problems. Regular DRP identification is crucial to optimize therapy safety and effectiveness in T2DM patients with CKD.

The Influence of Pharmacists Communication Skills in Pharmaceutical Services on the Level of Trust, Satisfaction and Patient Loyalty

Muhamad Irshan — 2025-04-21

Pharmacists hold a strategic position in the healthcare system, by providing direct medication services to patients. Pharmacists can improve patients’ understanding and adherence by gathering relevant therapeutic information, thereby offering appropriate interventions. Communication is essential in healthcare services; poor communication can adversely affect performance. This study aims to examine the influence of pharmacists' communication skills on patient trust and loyalty. This research uses the narrative review method by collecting data from journal articles published between 2020 and 2023. Article searches were conducted manually on three databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The results indicate that effective communication is a key element in increasing patient satisfaction and significantly influences patient trust and loyalty.

Transparent Solid Soap Formulation Using California Papaya (a Variety of Carica papaya L.) Fruit Extract with Variations of Sucrose and ee Concentration

Mutiara Dyah — 2025-04-22

Papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) has an antioxidant activity value of IC₅₀ 33.537 μg/mL, so it can be used as an active ingredient for the preparation of transparent solid soap. The study aims to find out the influence of sucrose and glycerine variations on the evaluation of the supply of solid soap. The research was carried out by formulating pepper extract into a solid soap. The three formulas refer to the results of a homogeneous, transparent, yellow-coloured, solid round-shaped and lemon-aromatic result with a successive pH value of F1: 11.07 ± 0.01; F2: 10.42 ±0.03; F3:10.73 ±0.1; foam stability test F1 =77.33% ± 23.67; F2 =84.33 % ± 7.02, F3 =73.00% 12.12; water content test F1 =28.36 ± 8.87; F2: 25.87 ± 13.33, F3: 25.69 ± 10.33. The Annova SPSS test tube showed the influence of variations in sucrose and glycerine concentrations on pH values. SPSS T Test results show that transpararent solid soap has good stability.

Determination of Tannin Levels Using the Boiling and Brewing Method in Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) From Households Produced in Batang District

Astri Yani — 2025-04-22

Tea contains tannins, which help protect body cells from free radical damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were tannin levels in tea produced by households in Batang Regency, and to ensure that all samples met the tannin consumption limit, if consuming too much tannin can cause anemia. The method used in the study was the extraction method by boiling and steeping with distilled water. Identification of tannins using color reactions and TLC using ethyl acetate, distilled water, formic acid (18:1:1) as the mobile phase. The tannin determination test used the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The results showed that green tea samples contained tannins. The maximum wavelength obtained was 279 nm. The highest tannin content was obtained in S6 as much as 205.24 mg/g tannin content. Samples in S2, S3, S4, and S5 produced tannin levels of 200.76; 167.73; 166.78; 186.78; and 186.71 mg/g. While the lowest tannin content was found in S1, which was 145.29 mg/g. It is concluded that the circulating tea produced by households in Batang Regency meets the requirements for tea consumption limits of less than 1 g so that it does not exceed the dose of 2–4 grams of tannin consumption per day.

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Gel Combining Minoxidil and Finasteride for the Treatment of Alopecia in Prospective Hajj Pilgrims

Rahmi Annisa — 2025-04-23

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are innovative lipid-based delivery systems used in topical applications to dissolve active ingredients within the oil phase. Minoxidil functions as a vasodilator that stimulates hair growth, while Finasteride is a specific inhibitor of type II 5α-reductase, proven effective in treating androgenic alopecia. The combination of these two active ingredients in an NLC system offers an efficient strategy to enhance bioavailability, improve stability, and increase comfort in topical use. This study aims to develop an NLC gel formulation containing both Minoxidil and Finasteride as a potential treatment for androgenic alopecia, particularly in prospective Hajj pilgrims who are susceptible to hair loss due to extreme environmental conditions. The formulation incorporates solid lipid monostearin and liquid lipid Miglyol 808 at an 8:2 ratio, with Carbopol 940 as the gel base. Physicochemical evaluations including particle size, pH, viscosity, entrapment efficiency, and spreadability were conducted to assess formulation stability and performance. The results indicated that the formulation met the desired criteria, with particle size <1000 nm, pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.0, entrapment efficiency >80%, and optimal spreadability. This NLC gel presents a practical and effective alternative for managing hair loss, especially under extreme conditions.

Evaluation of Myo-inositol Influence on Andrographolide Production in Andrographis paniculata

Himalaya Kelana — 2025-04-24

Andrographis paniculata is widely recognized for its medicinal properties, especially andrographolide. This secondary metabolite has the potential to be antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic. This study aimed to enhance secondary metabolite production through tissue culture techniques by incorporating Myo-inositol into media formulations. The experimental setup involved germinating A. paniculata seeds under controlled conditions at 15°C with continuous illumination. Two media formulations were conducted: one supplemented with Myo-inositol and the other as a control. After germination and growth, the leaf, stem, and root tissues were harvested and macerated with methanol. Andrographolide concentrations were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and statistical analysis was conducted using an independent samples t-test. The results revealed that the leaves contained the highest andrographolide concentration among the tissues analyzed. The andrographolide content in media without Myo-inositol was 4.072% and 3.052% with Myo-inositol. However, supplementing Myo-inositol in the media did not result in a statistically significant increase in andrographolide concentration compared to the control. These findings suggest that while the leaf tissue is a valuable source of andrographolide, the role of Myo-inositol in enhancing its production requires further investigation.